相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Published on: April 26, 2019

差分选择用于翻译效率形状翻译机械在细菌物种中

Heba Farookhi¹, Xuhua Xia^1,2

¹Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.

|April 27, 2024

概括

短代细菌优化翻译以实现更快的蛋白质合成. 与长代细菌相比,它们拥有更多的核糖体,tRNA和特定的启动/停止编码子,具有更好的编码子适应性和在启动点附近的次要结构较少.

科学领域:

微生物学微生物学
分子生物学分子生物学
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

细菌的生成时间有很大的不同,影响诸如蛋白质合成之类的细胞过程.
翻译,包括启动,延长和终止,对于产生细胞分裂所需的蛋白质至关重要.
优化翻译效率被假设在具有快速生长率的细菌中受到更强的选择.

研究的目的:

研究细菌转化机制如何在短代细菌 (SGB) 和长代细菌 (LGB) 之间有所不同.
预测和提供证据,以适应不同增长率驱动的翻译过程.
探索代代时间对基因表达和密码体使用的影响.

主要方法:

与翻译相关的基因组特征的比较分析 (例如,rRNA操作子,tRNA基因).
检查SGB与LGB中的codon使用偏差和启动/停止codon频率.
在翻译启动地点附近对二次结构预测的评估.
使用基因组数据对预测的经验验证.

主要成果:

与LGB相比,SGB表现出更多的rRNA操作子和tRNA基因.
SGB 显示出对 AUG 起始编码子和 UAA 停止编码子的更大偏好.
在SGB中,Codon和Anticodon的适应性更加精细.
在SGB中,翻译启动区域通常具有较弱的次要结构.

结论:

细菌生成时间是优化翻译效率的重要进化驱动因素.
核糖体生物发生的适应,tRNA的可用性,密码子的使用,以及启动部位的可访问性增强了快速生长的细菌中的蛋白质合成.
这些发现提供了对细菌快速生长背后的分子机制的见解.

关键词:

这是一种Mycobacterium leprae细菌.结核病菌菌菌的结核病菌的结核病菌.RNA的二级结构是RNA的二级结构.在RRN操作中.这是一个tRNARNA.翻译效率翻译效率翻译效率翻译延长延长翻译开始翻译开始翻译翻译翻译终止终止

更多相关视频

Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress

Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress

Published on: October 11, 2024

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

相关概念视频

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Translation

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...