在儿科固体器官移植中使用活减弱疫苗
Christopher Hartley1, Tina Thomas2, Sara Kathryn Smith2
1The Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Vaccines
|April 27, 2024
概括
由于COVID-19而延迟的儿童疫苗接种增加了麻疹,疹,红疹 (MMR) 和水. 这篇文章回顾了儿童固体器官移植患者的活体减弱疫苗 (MMR和水疫苗).
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 移植免疫学 移植免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 由于COVID-19流行病相关的延迟,MMR和水的儿童疫苗接种率有所下降.
- 降低群体免疫力对免疫能力较强的儿童和免疫功能较弱的个体都有风险.
- 活体减弱疫苗 (MMR,水) 历来是移植前推的,时间和标位实用性有争议.
研究的目的:
- 为儿童实体器官移植接受者提供关于使用活体减弱疫苗 (MMR和水) 的指导.
- 审查目前关于这些疫苗在移植前和移植后环境中的安全性和有效性的文献.
- 为了解决MMR和天花疫苗接种在免疫功能低下的儿科患者中的风险和益处.
主要方法:
- 在小儿固体器官移植患者中对活体减弱疫苗 (MMR,水) 的研究的文献综述.
- 对移植前和术后阶段的安全性和疗效数据的分析.
- 综合证据,为临床实践指南提供信息.
主要成果:
- 最近的文献表明,在移植后的儿科患者群体中,活体减弱疫苗的安全性和有效性概况得到了改善.
- 移植前疫苗接种的最佳时间和疫苗标位的作用需要进一步研究.
- 在特定情况下,现在可以考虑以前禁用的疫苗.
结论:
- 在某些移植前和移植后的场景中,可以安全地给儿科固体器官移植接收者使用活体减弱疫苗 (MMR,水).
- 有证据支持对接受移植的免疫缺陷儿童的疫苗接种策略进行重新评估.
- 需要进一步的研究,以建立疫苗管理和监测的最终协议.
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