至少45年后因天花疫苗接种诱导的抗体与Mpox病毒交叉反应并在体外中和:对多克隆B细胞激活的作用?
Sabrina Mariotti1, Giulietta Venturi1, Maria Vincenza Chiantore1
1Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Viruses
|April 27, 2024
概括
小天花疫苗接种提供了长期的免疫力,在45年后仍可检测到疫苗病毒 (VV) 特定抗体,并能够中和Mpox病毒 (MPXV). 潜在的结核病感染可能会增强这种免疫记忆.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 使用疫苗病毒 (VV) 进行的天花疫苗接种在全球范围内广泛使用.
- 姆波克斯病毒 (MPXV) 是一种相关的骨质疏松病毒,可引起严重疾病.
- 麻疹疫苗诱导的免疫力对相关病毒的持续时间和有效性具有重要意义.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定疫苗病毒 (VV) 特定抗体是否在接种疫苗后45年内持续存在.
- 评估这些持久抗体在体外中对Mpox病毒 (MPXV) 中和的能力.
- 研究非特异性免疫激活在维持长期免疫记忆中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 血清从接种了天花疫苗的个人 (有或没有潜伏结核病感染[LTBI]),未接种疫苗的捐赠者和MPXV康复的个人中收集.
- 与酶相关的免疫吸收试验 (ELISA) 和西部斑 (WB) 用于检测抗VV和抗MPXV抗体.
- 进行了MPXV斑块减少中和试验 (PRNT) 和T细胞分析的流细胞计.
主要成果:
- 接种了天花疫苗的个体对VV和MPXV都有高位IgG抗体,具有显著的中和能力.
- 接种疫苗和MPXV康复的个体的抗体识别了两种病毒的抗原.
- 患有LTBI的个体表现出更高的VV特异性IgG标位和T细胞反应.
结论:
- 小天花疫苗接种诱导了持久的免疫记忆,可检测的VV特异性抗体持续超过45年.
- 这些持久抗体在体外仍具有中和MPXV的能力.
- 有证据表明,多克隆非特异性免疫激活可能有助于维持长期免疫记忆,特别是在LTBI患者中.
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