在HIV-1感染者肠道微环境中的内源逆元体表达
Nicholas Dopkins1, Tongyi Fei1, Stephanie Michael1
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
EBioMedicine
|April 27, 2024
概括
内源逆元素 (ERE) 在艾滋病毒-1 (PLWH) 感染者的肠道中受到放松. 这表明,ERE可能作为肠道储存库中的HIV-1病原体的生物标志物和媒介.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 内生逆元素 (ERE),包括人类内生逆病毒 (HERV) 和长间隔核元素 (LINE),构成了近一半的人类基因组.
- 以前的研究表明,肠道中的干扰素和IFNb在HIV-1病变发生过程中起着作用.
- ERE活动对病毒感染敏感,并与1型免疫反应有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查艾滋病毒-1 (PLWH) 感染者的ERE表达和肠道动态之间的关系.
- 在HIV-1感染的背景下,阐明ERE和肠道环境之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 从结肠活检和外围血液单核细胞 (PBMCs) 的大量RNA测序中比较了ERE表达特征.
- 分析了不接受抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的PLWH队列和未感染的对照.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,PLWH的结肠中表达了59个ERE的差异 (padj <0.05).
- 在PLWH中,有12个ERE受到下调,47个受到上调.
- 特定的ERE (LTR19_12p13.31和L1FLnI_1q23.1s) 与肠道免疫细胞子集相关,并在PLWH的PBMC中显示上调.
结论:
- 在PLWH的结肠中观察到ERE活动的放松.
- 这些发现支持了EREs可能作为HIV-1储存库中的生物标志物和潜在的病原发生媒介的假设.
相关概念视频
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.5K
Retroviruses
12.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.2K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K


