掠食风险对寄生虫与宿主相互作用和野生动物疾病的影响
David W Thieltges1,2, Pieter T J Johnson3, Anieke van Leeuwen1
1Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Ecology
|April 29, 2024
概括
掠食风险通过改变猎物的行为来影响生态系统,这可能会影响寄生虫与宿主相互作用和野生动物疾病. 这项研究提出了一个框架,以了解恐惧掠食者的恐惧如何影响传染病的动态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 疾病生态学 疾病生态学
背景情况:
- 生态系统的动态是由"恐惧景观"所塑造的,感知到的掠夺风险驱动了猎物反应.
- 猎物对掠食风险的适应间接影响物种相互作用和生态系统过程,如食物级联.
- 掠食风险对寄生虫与宿主相互作用和野生动物疾病的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个概念框架,将宿主中的掠食风险感知与寄生虫与宿主相互作用和传染病动态联系起来.
- 通过结合寄生虫宿主系统来扩大对掠食风险影响的现有知识.
- 确定掠食风险影响宿主寄生虫关系的机制.
主要方法:
- 综合现有关于掠食风险影响和宿主-寄生虫相互作用的研究.
- 基于风险效应研究近期进展的概念框架的开发.
- 确定影响寄生虫-宿主动态的途径,例如改变宿主行为和耐受性.
主要成果:
- 捕食风险可以显著改变寄生虫与宿主之间的相互作用,影响疾病的流行和传播.
- 宿主行为变化 (例如,回避) 和生理耐受性转变调解了掠食风险对寄生虫的影响.
- 该框架强调了对寄生虫和宿主群体动态的潜在影响.
结论:
- 捕食风险是野生动物疾病生态学的关键,但经常被忽视的因素.
- 了解这些联系对于预测和管理自然人群中的传染病至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来量化个人层面对人口和社区动态的影响.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.2K
00:58Symbiosis
27.9K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
27.9K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
11.8K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.8K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.3K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.3K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K