分析个性化对医疗保健联合学习中的公平性影响
Tongnian Wang1, Kai Zhang2, Jiannan Cai3
1Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, 78249 TX USA.
Journal of healthcare informatics research
|April 29, 2024
概括
个性化联合学习 (FL) 提高了医疗预测的准确性和公平性,而不是独立模型,但并不总是超越标准FL. 它可以帮助有偏见的医院,但可能会使不那么有偏见的医院的公平性恶化.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健人工智能的人工智能
- 机器学习伦理学 机器学习伦理学
- 联合学习学习 (Federated Learning) 是一种联合学习.
背景情况:
- 医疗保健中的机器学习 (ML) 引发了隐私和偏见问题.
- 联合学习 (FL) 允许在没有数据共享的情况下进行协作培训.
- 个性化FL (pFL) 解决了数据异质性问题,但其公平性影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估个性化FL对临床结果中的群体公平性的影响.
- 使用现实世界EHR数据将pFL与独立培训和标准FL进行比较.
主要方法:
- 对eICU和MIMIC-IV电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据集的实证分析.
- 个性化FL (Ditto) 与独立培训和标准FL (FedAvg) 的比较.
- 预测性表现 (AUROC,AUPRC) 和公平差距 (EOPP,EOD,DP) 的评估.
主要成果:
- 与独立培训相比,个性化FL显示出更高的预测准确性和公平性.
- 个性化FL提高了准确性,但与标准FL相比,不总是公平.
- 在死亡率预测任务中,标准FL实现了比个性化FL更好的公平性 (例如,EOD).
结论:
- 个性化FL可以比独立方法提高公平性,但并不总是比标准FL更公平.
- 个性化在高度偏见的环境中提高了公平性,但在不那么偏见的环境中可能会增加差异.
- 将个性化FL与战略设计相结合,对于在医疗保健中同时提高准确性和公平性至关重要.
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