健康劣势的代际传播:教育可以破坏它吗?
Emily Smith-Greenaway1, Yingyi Lin2, Abigail Weitzman3
1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Journal of health and social behavior
|April 29, 2024
概括
在低收入国家,孕产妇丧生或儿童丧生可以持续几代. 然而,达到10年的教育可以打破这个循环,特别是在高死亡率的地区.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 健康缺陷的代际传播,包括孩子的丧失,在低收入环境中很普遍.
- 可预防的儿童死亡突出了社会资源在减轻母亲丧生中的潜在作用.
- 教育往往被视为通往社会流动性和打破劣势循环的途径.
研究的目的:
- 调查正规教育是否破坏了非洲国家母亲丧生的代际循环.
- 确定教育程度是否会改变母亲失去孩子的历史与女儿失去孩子的风险之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自人口和健康调查计划的数据,涵盖了32个非洲国家的195,744名妇女.
- 采用多层次离散时间生存模型来分析妇女失去孩子的风险.
- 检查了女性的教育成就和她们母亲的丧亲历史之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 妇女的教育程度显著降低了母亲的丧亲历史对她们失去孩子的风险的影响.
- 教育的这种保护作用仅在有10年或更长的学历的妇女身上是明显的.
- 教育对中和代际循环的影响在儿童死亡率最高的社区最强.
结论:
- 高等教育,特别是10年以上的高等教育,可以作为一个关键的干预措施,以打破跨世代的母亲丧生循环.
- 在高死亡率的环境中,教育干预措施可能特别有效,以保护妇女免受失去孩子的痛苦.
- 调查结果强调了教育作为改善母亲和儿童健康结果的社会资源的重要性.
相关概念视频
01:20Gene-Environment Interactions
307
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
307
01:18Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
1.6K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
1.6K
01:25Inheritance
386
Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
386
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
34.3K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.3K
01:21Health Literacy
4.0K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
4.0K
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
95
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
95