弹性结构:一个马基雅维利主义的贡献或"自己的独木舟"
Aleksandra Zlatkovic1, Vesna Gojkovic1, Jelena Dostanic1
1Faculty of Legal and Business Studies, Department of Psychology, Dr Lazar Vrkatić, Novi Sad, Serbia.
PloS one
|April 29, 2024
概括
弹性,或从压力中恢复,主要与马基雅维利主义和自恋等人格特征有关,而不是同情心. 在性策略中观察到性别差异,男性依靠对抗,女性依靠避免.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 人格心理学 人格心理学
背景情况:
- 同理心被认为是弹性和压力反弹的关键.
- 敌对的特征,以同情缺陷为特征,也可能增强压力免疫力.
- 现有的文献显示,关于性性别差异的证据是不确定的.
研究的目的:
- 在单独的男性和女性子样本中分析弹性,同理心和对抗性特征的网络.
- 调查人格资源在压力反弹中的作用.
- 探索适应性中的性别特定途径.
主要方法:
- 网络分析的弹性 (压力反弹),同情 (认知,情感),和对抗性特征 (马基雅维利主义,自恋).
- 对女性和男性亚样本进行了单独的分析.
- 检查特征星座及其对弹性的影响.
主要成果:
- 由自恋的佩驱动的马基雅维利主义的代理权,是两性性的核心.
- 同理心,特别是它的情感组成部分,发挥了边缘作用.
- 性别差异出现了:男性的马基雅维尔式对抗主义和女性的宏伟自恋主义将性与对抗主义联系起来;恶性自恋主义阻碍了女性的性.
- 男性的弹性网络以敌对为主,而女性网络则表现出由恶性自恋阻碍反弹的性别特异性.
结论:
- 弹性,定义为压力反弹,主要与影响主动和亲社会行为的人格资源有关.
- 同理心在弹性方面的作用似乎不像一些模型最初提出的那么重要.
- 观察到的性差异与明确的避免与主动策略有关.
相关概念视频
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
02:57The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
49.9K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
49.9K
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
32.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
32.6K
00:56Attribution Theory
13.0K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.0K
01:27Coping Strategies: Problem Focused
60
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
60
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K