美国海军陆战队的男性和女性新兵之间的心血管需求差异在逐步加载的徒步旅行中
Ben Schram1, Robin Orr1, Brenda Niederberger2,3
1Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|April 29, 2024
概括
美国海军陆战队的女性新兵在负载登期间比男性有更高的心血管需求,特别是负载超过15公斤. 这突显了军事货物运输过程中身体紧张的性别差异.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 军事科学 军事科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 女士兵的体重通常比男性低,但承担的职业负担相似.
- 了解心血管对载荷反应的性别差异对于军事准备和训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较男性和女性美国海军陆战队新兵在逐步加载的徒步旅行中的心血管需求.
- 为了确定在何种载荷强度下,基于性别的心血管反应差异变得显著.
主要方法:
- 565名男性和364名女性美国海军陆战队新兵参加了6次6周的累进加载徒步旅行.
- 心血管反应 (心率平均[HRavg],心率最大[HRmax]) 和速度使用手腕戴式监视器进行测量.
- 独立的样本t测试用于基于性别的比较,对多重比较进行了显著性调整 (p < 0.008).
主要成果:
- 与男性相比,女性新兵的体重明显较低,导致相对负荷较重 (17-33% BM).
- 在所有徒步旅行中,性别之间没有观察到明显的步伐差异.
- 与男性相比,女性海军陆战队员的HRavg和HRmax在超过15公斤的负载 (大约25%的体力) 的徒步旅行中显著更高.
结论:
- 女海军陆战队员在载荷事件中经历的心血管应变比男性海军陆战队员更大,当载荷超过15公斤时.
- 这些发现表明,训练和负载处方可能需要考虑性别特异性的生理反应,以优化性能和减轻军事人群中的风险.
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