我的人生:从青春期到老年记忆中绘制所有权效应
Tessa R Clarkson1, Harrison A Paff1, Sheila J Cunningham2
1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|April 29, 2024
概括
自引用效应 (SRE) 显示对自己拥有的物品的记忆更强,但随着年龄的增长,这种偏差会减少. 老年人对其他拥有的物品的记忆有所改善,对自己拥有的物品的记忆没有恶化.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 自引用效应 (SRE) 描述了对与自我有关的信息处理的增强记忆.
- 所有权可以作为一个强大的自我参考线索,影响记忆和认知偏见.
- 之前的研究还没有广泛探讨SRE与整个生命周期的所有权变化相关的关系.
研究的目的:
- 使用所有权记忆任务调查年龄对自我参考效应 (SRE) 的影响.
- 检查隐含的所有权记忆偏见从青春期到老年成人.
- 为了确定自己拥有的与其他拥有的物品的记忆是否随着年龄的增长而发生变化.
主要方法:
- 一组159名来自不同年龄段的参与者完成了所有权记忆任务.
- 参与者对图像进行排序,将其分为"自我"或"其他"类别.
- 一个惊喜源记忆测试评估了回忆准确性,并记录了反应时间.
主要成果:
- 观察到显著的SRE,所有参与者对所有自有物品的源记忆精度更好.
- 随着年龄的增长,SRE的幅度会减少.
- 老年人对其他拥有的物品的记忆有所改善,而对自己拥有的物品的记忆保持稳定;老年人的反应时间减慢,特别是对其他拥有的物品.
结论:
- 自我引用效应,特别是通过单纯所有权的镜头,在老年成人时减弱.
- 衰老似乎影响SRE,不是通过损害自我记忆,而是通过增强对非自我物品的记忆.
- 这些发现表明,与所有权相关的认知偏见可能在老年人中与年轻人相比不那么明显.
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