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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples
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In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

Published on: August 31, 2018

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CAM进化与基因家族扩张有关,在爆炸性虫辐射辐射中

Clara Groot Crego1,2, Jaqueline Hess1,3, Gil Yardeni1,4

  • 1Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

The Plant cell
|April 30, 2024
PubMed
概括

基因组研究表明,Tillandsia植物的Crassulacean酸代谢 (CAM) 进化是由基因调节和家族扩张驱动的,而不仅仅是DNA序列的变化. 这有助于解释它们的生态多样化.

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Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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