提前医疗决策在第一人称和第三人称视角之间有所不同
James Toomey1, Jonathan Lewis2, Ivar R Hannikainen3
1Elisabeth Haub School of Law, Pace University, White Plains, NY, USA.
AJOB empirical bioethics
|April 30, 2024
概括
非专业人士在为他人而不是为自己做决定时,更有可能尊重未来无能自我的愿望. 这表明个人身份和人际关系影响医疗保健决策,而不仅仅是认知能力.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 医疗决策 - - 医疗决策
背景情况:
- 提前的医疗保健决策通常假定先前的偏好 (T1) 应该取代在认知衰退期间做出的后来的偏好 (T2).
- 这种假设在伦理上受到辩论,对公众的世俗判断的理解有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查在哪些医疗保健偏好 (T1与T2) 应该得到尊重的世俗判断.
- 检查判断是否根据决策者的观点 (自我与第三方) 不同.
主要方法:
- 对1445名美国成年人 (性别平衡) 进行了基于图片的调查.
- 操纵关系 (自我,最好的朋友,陌生人),T1偏好 (治疗/不治疗),和T2偏好 (模两可/不模两可).
主要成果:
- 参与者更经常依赖第三方的T2偏好,而不是他们自己的T1偏好.
- 如果他们被认为是"真正的自我",那么对无能为力的其他人的决定更有可能得到尊重.
结论:
- 关于尊重决策的平凡直觉受到个人认同 ("真正的自我") 和人际关系的影响.
- 仅仅是认知能力不能决定在医疗保健中尊重决策的伦理权利.
相关概念视频
01:19Standards of Care II
642
Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:
642
01:27Ethical Issues
928
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
928
01:30Ethical Dilemmas II
1.0K
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
1.0K
01:22Ethics and Bioethics
1.4K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
1.4K
01:27Nursing Ethical Principles II
956
Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
956
01:17Ethical Dilemmas I
879
Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
879