对主要饮食模式对健康成年人的认知功能影响的系统评估和元分析
HanQing Guo1,2, Qi Tian1,2, XueMei Qin1,2
1School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
Nutritional neuroscience
|May 1, 2024
概括
饮食干预显著提高了成人的整体认知功能,特别是执行功能,处理速度和语言技能. 这些发现强调了饮食对于维持大脑健康和认知表现的重要性.
科学领域:
- 营养神经科学 营养神经科学
- 认知健康 认知健康
- 饮食干预 饮食干预
背景情况:
- 饮食在维持大脑健康方面起着至关重要的作用.
- 建议结合食品和营养素的协同效应.
- 以前对认知功能的干预表明不一致的结果.
研究的目的:
- 进行随机对照试验 (RCT) 的元分析.
- 检查饮食干预对认知功能的具体影响.
主要方法:
- 搜索了四个数据库,直到2023年4月,寻找符合条件的RCT.
- 使用标准化平均差异 (SMD) 和95%置信区间 (CI) 进行了随机效应元分析.
- 进行同质性测试以评估差异.
主要成果:
- 包括19项研究,共有12,119名参与者.
- 饮食干预对整体认知功能产生了积极影响 (SMD = 0.14,P < 0.00001).
- 在执行功能,处理速度和语言技能中观察到的改善,对延迟的记忆或空间能力没有显著影响.
结论:
- 特定的饮食,如地中海,低碳水化合物和健康的生活方式饮食,显示出积极的认知效应.
- 包括有氧运动和体重管理在内的干预措施也有助于认知效益.
- 在健康的成年人中,饮食策略似乎对整体认知,处理速度,执行和语言功能有益.
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