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从学习值到持续偏见:奖励条件如何改变注意力优先级
Kristin N Meyer1, Joseph B Hopfinger1, Elena M Vidrascu1
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|May 1, 2024
概括
在奖励学习期间的状活动会影响注意力,即使奖励停止后也是如此. 条形体中的这种神经活动驱动视觉和体大脑区域的变化,保持注意力偏差.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 对奖励相关刺激的注意偏差可以持续存在,即使对目标导向行为有害.
- 一种普遍存在的理论表明,奖励条件的过程中,条形体中的多巴胺信号会改变视觉皮层和头顶叶的神经表征,维持奖励后的注意偏差.
- 有限的研究已经调查了这些任务的奖励和无奖励阶段的神经活动.
研究的目的:
- 研究奖励条件后持续的注意偏差背后的神经机制.
- 检查学习期间的条纹活动与随后的注意偏差之间的关系.
- 探索奖励历史如何影响视觉,头顶和前额叶皮层的神经活动.
主要方法:
- 参与者在两个阶段进行功能性脑成像 (fMRI):奖励调节阶段和空间提示任务.
- 在条件化阶段,特定的刺激与金钱奖励有关.
- 在空间暗示任务中,这些先前得到奖励的刺激作为非预测性线索.
主要成果:
- 在调节阶段的状体活动预测了在测试阶段对条件刺激的视觉皮质和状体活动的增强.
- 增加的条形状活动与减少的腹中介质前额叶皮质活动相关,以响应受条件刺激.
- 条形状活动还与前带带皮层激活有关,当有条件的刺激干扰任务执行时.
结论:
- 在奖励调节期间的状活动是注意力偏差的一个关键预测因素.
- 由状信号驱动的视觉和状大脑活动的学习诱导的改变,调解了持续的注意偏差.
- 这些发现阐明了通过奖励历史塑造注意力的神经通路.
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