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相关概念视频

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

12.5K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
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A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue

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在人类第一季度神经发育期间的染色质可访问性

Camiel C A Mannens1, Lijuan Hu1, Peter Lönnerberg1

  • 1Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.

Nature
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究绘制了早期发育过程中人类大脑中的染色质可访问性和基因表达. 它揭示了基因调节机制,并确定了易受神经发育障碍突变的特定神经元类型.

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
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A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学
  • 基因组学
  • 发育生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类大脑的发育涉及复杂的基因调节通过转录因子和染色质可访问性.
  • 之前的研究缺乏对整个发育大脑的全面染色质可访问性地图,特别是在头三个月.
  • 单细胞基因表达图谱存在,但对整个发育大脑的染色质可访问性数据是有限的.

研究的目的:

  • 创建一个全面的染色质可访问性和配对基因表达在整个发育中的人类大脑在头三个月.
  • 识别早期神经发育中涉及的基因调节元件及其目标基因.
  • 通过将遗传变异与调控因素联系起来,研究神经发育障碍的遗传基础.

主要方法:

  • 从正在发育的人类大脑 (怀孕后6-13周) 中生成的多基因数据 (染色质可访问性和基因表达).
  • 确定了135个不同的细胞群和与基因表达相关的 cis 调节元件.
  • 采用卷积神经网络来识别转录因子结合部位,并分析与疾病相关的单核酸多态.

主要成果:

  • 在第一个三个月内对整个发育中的人类大脑绘制染色质可访问性和基因表达.
  • 随着发育年龄和神经元分化,可访问区域的增加.
  • 确定了特定的神经元亚型,如中脑GABAerg神经元,易受与严重抑郁症相关的突变影响.

结论:

  • 提供了早期人类大脑发育中的基因调节机制的详细参考.
  • 将特定的调节元素和转录因子与神经元亚型规范联系起来.
  • 突出了染色体可访问性绘制对于理解神经发育障碍和识别脆弱细胞群的潜力.