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职业不平等和性别差异:工作事故,巴西,2019年
Luciana de Melo Gomides1,2, Mery Natali Silva Abreu3, Ada Ávila Assunção4
1Universidade Federal de Itajubá. Instituto de Ciências Puras e Aplicadas. Coordenação de Engenharia de Saúde e Segurança. Itabira, MG, Brazil.
Revista de saude publica
|May 2, 2024
概括
在手工劳动工作中,男女面临着更高的工伤风险 (WA). 较低的职业层次显著增加了WA的概率,突出了针对性预防策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 劳动社会学工作的社会学.
背景情况:
- 劳动事故 (WA) 是一个重大的公共卫生问题,不成比例地影响某些人口和职业群体.
- 了解社会人口统计学和职业因素的相互作用对于有效的WA预防至关重要.
- 在WA流行和风险因素中的性别差异需要详细调查.
研究的目的:
- 分析社会人口统计学和职业因素与巴西自我报告的工伤事故 (WA) 的分布和关联.
- 强调职业阶级和性别差异在WA发生中的作用.
- 为了确定制定有针对性的预防策略的关键风险因素.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的横截面研究,利用2019年全国健康调查 (PNS) 对成年人 (≥18岁) 的数据.
- 采用二进制逻辑回归和层次分析来调查与WA相关的因素.
- 最终的模型根据社会人口统计学和职业变量进行了调整,显著性为5%.
主要成果:
- 2.69%的参与者报告了WA,男性 (3.37%) 的患病率高于女性 (1.86%).
- 年龄,夜间工作,工作时间和职业风险暴露与WA有关.
- 与管理者/专业人员相比,手工工人 (有资格和无资格) 的 WA 几率明显更高,性别差异明显.
结论:
- 职业因素大大增加了男女的WA概率,特别是在较低的职业层.
- 调查结果强调了在WA预防中考虑职业阶级和性别的重要性.
- 该研究提供了证据,以告知有效的WA预防行动的发展.
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