短期数感训练总结了从童年到青春期的长期神经发育变化
Yunji Park1, Yuan Zhang1, Hyesang Chang1
1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Developmental science
|May 2, 2024
概括
在儿童的短期数感训练中,象征数字与非象征数量表示分离. 这项培训促进了神经可塑性,反映了数值问题解决技能的长期发展变化.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 数字感,连接非象征性和象征性数量,对于算术技能至关重要.
- 发育异化理论表明,随着年龄的增长,这些表征之间的分离越来越大.
- 之前的研究将跨格式的神经表示相似性 (NRS) 与儿童的算术流性联系起来,但不是青少年.
研究的目的:
- 调查短期数感训练 (STT) 是否可以改变儿童跨格式NRS和算术技能之间的关系.
- 确定STT是否可以诱导类似于长期发育分离的神经认知变化.
- 通过有针对性的干预来探索数字感及其神经支的可塑性.
主要方法:
- 一个为期4周的,理论上有动机的数感培训计划,适用于7-10岁的儿童.
- 多变量神经模式分析,以评估非象征性和象征性量之间的交叉格式NRS.
- 在训练干预之前和之后检查NRS和算术流性之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在训练之前,在皮和前额皮层中观察到跨格式NRS和算术流性之间的显著相关性.
- 在4周的STT后,NRS和算术技能之间的这种关联消失了.
- 多变量预测模型证实了NRS-算术流性链接在培训后的减少.
结论:
- 密集的短期数感训练可以促进儿童的行为改善和神经可塑性.
- STT重新总结了从童年到青春期在数字认知中观察到的神经发育变化.
- 这些发现突显了有针对性的干预措施在数字意义上影响早期神经发育轨迹的潜力.
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