用于防止工人暴露于石棉的个人防护设备
Lea Belackova1, Jos H Verbeek1, Jan L Hoving1,2
1Cochrane Work, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|May 2, 2024
概括
个人防护设备 (PPE) 在减少对石棉暴露的有效性各不相同. 供应的空气呼吸器 (SARs) 和动力空气净化呼吸器 (PAPRs) 是最有效的,特别是在更高的度下,但需要进一步研究涂抹程序.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 工业卫生 工业卫生
背景情况:
- 暴露于石棉会给健康带来重大风险,导致与石棉相关的疾病.
- 欧盟 (EU) 已经为工作场所的石棉制定了职业暴露限值 (OEL).
- 个人防护设备 (PPE) 在尽量减少接触石棉方面的有效性尚未完全被理解.
研究的目的:
- 评估个人防护设备 (包括穿戴/脱落和卫生) 对石棉暴露的影响.
- 为了比较不同类型的个人防护设备与没有保护措施的有效性.
- 评估参与石棉拆除和维修工作的工人暴露水平.
主要方法:
- 对测量个人防护设备内外石棉度的研究进行系统审查和元分析.
- 个人防护设备分为全面过口罩,附带呼吸器 (SAR) 和动力空气净化呼吸器 (PAPR).
- 根据石棉度范围分层分析数据,并与欧盟OEL进行比较.
主要成果:
- 供应的空气呼吸器 (SARs) 和动力空气净化呼吸器 (PAPRs) 显示出显著的保护,在较低度下降暴露低于建议的OEL.
- 全面过面罩的有效性有限,特别是在较高的石棉度下.
- 一些毛衣可能会增加体温,但对不同材料进行比较的证据有限.
结论:
- SAR 和 PAPR 很可能有效地降低了 proposed OEL 下的石棉暴露,特别是在低于 0.1 f/cm3 的度下.
- 在较高度 (≥10 f/cm3) 时,SARs在满足OEL方面似乎比全脸过面罩更有效.
- 需要进一步的随机研究来比较高度的PAPR和SAR,并评估涂抹程序.
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