在学校环境中实施的措施,以制COVID-19大流行
Hannah Littlecott1,2, Shari Krishnaratne1,2,3, Jacob Burns1,2
1Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|May 2, 2024
概括
学校采取的措施,如面具强制和改善通风,可能会减少COVID-19的传播. 有证据表明,一些干预措施,如远程学习,对学生和工作人员产生了混合的影响,强调需要进一步研究如何保持学校的安全.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生和流行病学
- 在教育机构的传染病控制.
- 证据综合和系统审查
背景情况:
- 到2023年8月,全球有超过7.67亿个COVID-19病例和690万例死亡.
- 学校实施了各种公共卫生和社会措施,以限制SARS-CoV-2的传播.
- 本次审查建立在之前的Cochrane工作上,以评估有关学校干预措施的当前证据.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间更新对学校安全运营学校措施有效性的证据评估.
- 评估旨在限制教育环境中的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 传播的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 在2022年2月18日对多个数据库 (Cochrane COVID-19研究注册,ERIC,WHO,VA) 进行系统搜索.
- 包括关于学校为学生 (4-18岁) 或与学校有关的个人采取措施的研究,重点关注传播结果.
- 通过干预-比较器-结果分类发现的叙述综合,评估证据的确定性.
主要成果:
- 减少接触的措施:远程教学对传播产生了混合的影响,对学生/工作人员可能有害,但对一般人口死亡中立.
- 措施使接触更安全:口罩授权 (特别是全授权) 和通风可能有利于减少传播;物理距离显示混合结果.
- 监测和应对:每日测试可能会减少错过学校的日子;快速抗原测试在检测率上有所不同 (28.6%-95.8%).
结论:
- 基于学校的各种措施表明,对传染控制,医疗保健利用和上学有潜在的好处.
- 证据的确定性各不相同,中度确定性研究结果支持一些干预措施,如通风和口罩授权.
- 在各种环境中进行高质量的研究对于基于证据的战略至关重要,以保持公共卫生紧急情况期间的安全学校运营.
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