在自闭症和典型发育青少年和年轻成年人的明确风险和不确定性条件下的决策
Marie K Krug1, Yukari Takarae1, Ana-Maria Iosif2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, United States.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 2, 2024
概括
自闭症青少年在一项任务上做出比非自闭症同龄人更有风险的决定,但在另一项任务上表现出类似的学习. 自闭症个体的决策能力随着年龄的增长而得到改善,这表明了不同的发展路径.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 青少年心理学 青少年心理学
背景情况:
- 青春期涉及到重要的决策发展,通常包括冒险.
- 自闭症青少年的决策过程尚未完全理解.
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 影响认知和社会发展.
研究的目的:
- 研究自闭症与非自闭症青少年在风险和不确定性下的决策.
- 检查自闭症患者决策能力与年龄相关的变化.
- 探索智商和认知因素对ASD决策的影响.
主要方法:
- 评估12-22岁的学生使用两项计算机化任务:子游戏任务 (风险) 和修改的爱荷华州博任务 (不确定性).
- 在这两项任务中都使用了智商匹配的参与者对 (32对于GoDT,35对于IGT).
- 评估了自闭症和非自闭症群体之间的表现差异.
主要成果:
- 自闭症参与者在子游戏任务中做出了更有风险的选择;风险承担因年龄和智商而异.
- 自闭症和非自闭症组在修改后的爱荷华州博任务中表现出相似的学习.
- 年轻的自闭症参与者表现不如对照组,老年人群的群体差异减少.
结论:
- 自闭症青少年与神经类型的同龄人相比,表现出不同的决策模式,特别是在明确的风险下.
- 在自闭症青少年时期,在风险评估和决策方面观察到积极的发展趋势.
- 不同的发育轨迹和认知因素的影响需要进一步研究自闭症和决策.
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