在地中海环境中,是什么驱动着野猪密度和人口增长?
J Colomer1, G Massei2, D Roos3
1Minuartia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain; IRBio, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
The Science of the total environment
|May 2, 2024
概括
加泰罗尼亚的野猪种群受到春季降雨,雌性体重和森林覆盖面的影响. 管理策略应限制人们获得食物来源的机会,以减轻人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 准确预测野生动物种群波动对于管理人类与野生动物之间的冲突至关重要.
- 哺乳动物种群动态受到气候,息地,食物供应和密度依赖的影响.
- 影响南欧野猪 (Sus scrofa L.) 种群的关键因素,如降水和温度,需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 用长期数据分析驱动野猪种群密度和生长率的因素.
- 了解西班牙加泰罗尼亚野生猪种群波动背后的机制.
- 为有效的野生动物管理和保护战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自西班牙加泰罗尼亚14个研究地点的23年长期野猪种群数据.
- 采用通用添加混合模型 (GAMM) 来分析人口密度和增长率的变化.
- 研究了环境因素 (气候,息地) 和生物因素 (雌性体重,密度依赖) 对野猪种群的影响.
主要成果:
- GAMM模型解释了94%的密度和65%的增长率变化.
- 春季降水量 (当前和前一年),雌性体重和森林覆盖率 (>60%) 与野猪密度和生长率有积极联系.
- 观察到密度依赖的过程,较高的密度导致较低的后续增长率. 农作物覆盖和降水之间的相互作用显著影响了密度.
结论:
- 气候变化,特别是降雨量减少,可能会通过影响自然资源来限制野猪种群的增长.
- 人类产生的食物来源可以维持野猪种群,可能增加人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
- 管理策略应侧重于限制野猪获得人类食物的机会,并管理景观资源以促进共存.
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