机器人机场还是监视幻想? : 澳大利亚的自动取消签证有多自动?
1Canberra Law School, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Frontiers in sociology
|May 3, 2024
概括
澳大利亚的s501签证取消系统,尽管进行了改革,但并非自动化. 这项分析揭示了一个"监控幻想",对非公民产生重大后果,引发了持续的公平性和准确性问题.
科学领域:
- 行政法 行政法 行政法
- 移民法 移民法
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 澳大利亚采用严格的外部边境管制,在过去二十年中对不断升级的内部管制的关注较少.
- 内部控制包括根据1958年"移民法" (Cth) 第501条的签证取消以人格为由的非公民的行政驱逐.
- 自动取消签证于2014年对被判处12个月以上监禁或特定罪行的非公民进行了自动取消,绕过了个人评估.
研究的目的:
- 调查自动化系统在澳大利亚取消和删除签证实践中的作用和影响.
- 检查在治理中的自动化转变,使用Robodebt计划作为比较.
- 分析S501签证取消系统中机构间数据交换和自动化发展情况.
主要方法:
- 议会调查,独立报告和政府政策的文献分析.
- 检查历史实践 (2014年之前),当前实践 (2014年后) 和未来发展.
- 与澳大利亚的其他自动化治理系统进行比较分析,例如Robodebt.
主要成果:
- s501签证取消系统既不是完全自动化的,也不是自动化的.
- 2014年法律改革创造了一种"监视幻想",对非公民产生严重影响,包括长时间的移民拘留.
- 尽管人们对自动化存在担忧,但依赖于不那么复杂的信息处理和人类决策的系统仍然存在.
结论:
- 澳大利亚s501签证取消系统向自动化转变的过程比最初认为的要复杂得多.
- 系统依赖于人类的决策,尽管技术进步,继续提出关于效率,准确性和公平性的挑战.
- "监视幻想"强调了行政移民政策的重大人力成本.
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