愿意承担责任:自我牺牲与牺牲他人在自动驾驶期间的接管决策
1Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Heliyon
|May 3, 2024
概括
司机更愿意在紧急情况下接管自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 的控制,当他们自己的安全受到威胁时. 情境上下文,特别是对司机的威胁,比个人因素更大程度上影响了接管决策.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的交互
- 自主系统 自主系统
- 运输安全运输安全
背景情况:
- 第三级自动驾驶要求驾驶员在紧急情况下重新控制驾驶.
- 司机可能会因为担心在接管截止日期之前承担责任而犹不决.
- 了解影响司机接管意愿的因素对于预防事故至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查影响驾驶员愿意在紧急情况下接管自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 的因素.
- 在两难的情况下分析接管决策,包括对司机或行人潜在的伤害.
- 评估情境背景与个人因素对驾驶员干预的影响.
主要方法:
- 为基于视频和基于文本的调查招募了250名参与者.
- 呈现给参与者的困境场景,其中AV必须在牺牲司机或行人之间做出选择.
- 改变了AV的预期行动,以及AV的路径是否与参与者的意图保持一致.
主要成果:
- 88.2%的参与者选择在AV有意牺牲司机时接管,而在行人面临风险时则为59.4%.
- 当AV的路径与参与者的意图相匹配时,接管率为77.4% (司机牺牲) 和34.3% (行人牺牲).
- 情境背景,特别是对驾驶员的威胁,比性别或驾驶经验等因素的影响更大.
结论:
- 驾驶员安全受到威胁是自动驾驶汽车在紧急情况下接管的主要动机.
- 向司机传达风险可以增加他们愿意承担控制的意愿.
- 情境框架在关键的自动驾驶场景中显著影响驾驶员的决策.
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