潜在结核病诊断:当前情况和审查
Amitesh Gupta1, Eshutosh Chandra2, Shipra Anand3
1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. amiteshami@gmail.com.
概括
诊断潜伏结核病感染 (LTBI) 需要改进的方法来预防疾病的积极进展. 本综述审查了当前的LTBI诊断,挑战和治疗策略,以实现全球结核病 (TB) 减少目标.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 潜伏性结核病感染 (LTBI) 是活跃结核病 (TB) 的关键储存库.
- 解决LTBI对于实现世界卫生组织 (WHO) 减少结核病发病率和死亡率的目标至关重要.
- 像印度这样的高结核病发病率地区在管理LTBI方面面临重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查潜在结核病感染 (LTBI) 的当代诊断方法.
- 强调LTBI诊断和治疗的全球影响和复杂性.
- 突出需要改善结核病的诊断,预防和治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 目前关于LTBI诊断的文献综述,包括结核素皮肤测试 (TST) 和干扰素γ释放试验 (IGRA).
- 对LTBI进展到活跃结核病的风险因素的分析.
- 检查LTBI诊断试验中的挑战和局限性.
主要成果:
- 目前的LTBI诊断试验,TST和IGRA,具有明显的优点和局限性.
- 对TST和IGRA结果的解释因不同人群和环境而有所不同.
- 免疫力受损,艾滋病毒同时感染和免疫抑制状态等因素增加了LTBI进展的风险.
结论:
- 迫切需要克服LTBI诊断的挑战.
- 对免疫反应的遗传性和抗体的作用的进一步研究可能会提供新的诊断途径.
- 改善LTBI管理对于全球结核病控制工作至关重要.
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