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西班牙高血压的数值和影响

José R Banegas¹, Mercedes Sánchez-Martínez², Teresa Gijón-Conde³

¹Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.

Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.)

|May 3, 2024

概括

在西班牙,只有33%的高血压成年人有血压控制. 关键的挑战包括有限的准确血压监测和患者对治疗和生活方式改变的不良坚持.

科学领域:

心脏病学心脏病学
公共卫生公共卫生
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

高血压影响了33%的西班牙成年人 (1000万),在诊断和控制方面存在显著的地理和社会差异.
据估计,西班牙每年有46,000例心血管死亡与不受控制的高血压有关.
虽然由于生活方式的改变和多疗法,高血压控制得到了改善,但仍然存在重大差距.

研究的目的:

分析目前西班牙高血压诊断,治疗和控制的现状.
为了确定导致缺乏高血压控制的可修改决定因素.
概述技术,临床和公共卫生方面的挑战,并提出改善血压管理的解决方案.

主要方法:

分析西班牙成年人 (30-79岁) 的高血压患病率,诊断,治疗和控制率.
评估影响高血压控制的因素,包括白衣现象,患者坚持治疗和多疗法使用.
识别障碍,例如门诊血压监测 (ABPM) 和自测血压 (SMBP) 的有限可用性,治疗惯性和肥胖患病率等.

主要成果:

2019年,33%的高血压成年人被诊断出患有高血压,57%接受药物治疗,只有33%的人实现了有效的血压控制.
白外套现象影响了22-33%的治疗患者,部分原因是ABPM (49%) 和SMBP (78%) 的可用性较低.
患者对药物和生活方式的改变 (例如,减肥) 的坚持不足 (约40%),多疗法使用不足 (约55%).

结论:

在西班牙,有重大挑战阻碍了高血压的有效控制,包括技术限制,临床惯性和患者参与度不足.
解决诸如有限的ABPM/SMBP使用,不良坚持,治疗惯性和肥胖等问题对于改善心血管结果至关重要.
建议实施准确的血压测量技术,利用风险预测工具,加强患者和医疗服务提供者的沟通,并采用国家控制目标.

关键词:

血压血压血压血压流行病学流行病学流行病学流行病学西班牙西班牙西班牙西班牙西班牙西班牙准则准则准则准则导游指南 (Guías Guías) 是一个指南.动脉高血压动脉高血压在高血压的高血压.压力动脉压力动脉压力预防预防预防预防预防预防西班牙西班牙西班牙西班牙西班牙

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