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鹿的活动水平和模式随着食物供应和人类发育发展的梯度而变化

Zackary J Delisle^1,2,3, Richard D Sample^4,5, Joe N Caudell⁶

¹Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA. zackary_delisle@nps.gov.

Scientific reports

|May 3, 2024

概括

白尾鹿 (Odocoileus virginianus) 的活动水平随着人类的发展而上升,而不是随着食物的可用性而上升. 它们的活动模式基于树枝和农业之间的相互作用而变化,影响息地使用和鹿车辆碰撞.

科学领域:

野生动物生态学野生动物生态学
行为生态学行为生态学
保护生物学保护生物学

背景情况:

动物活动受到环境环境的影响,但很少有研究量化评估了跨梯度的活动变化.
了解野生动物的行为需要检查与环境因素相关的活动模式和水平.

研究的目的:

研究白尾鹿活动水平和模式与鹿密度,人类发育和食物供应 (木枝和农业) 之间的关系.
评估活动的空间变化如何为野生动物行为的上下文依赖约束提供生态洞察力.

主要方法:

使用摄像机数据估计白尾鹿的活动水平 (每日活跃分数) 和模式 (分数周期分布).
从三个地区的48个景观收集了数据,分析了与建筑密度和食物供应等预测因素的关系.

主要成果:

活动水平随着建筑密度的增加而增加,这表明对人为干扰的反应.
活动模式显示,木枝和农业用地的可用性之间存在显著的相互作用.
减少的农业用地导致了夜间/黄昏活动的减少,树枝密度更高;丰富的农业导致了夜间/黄昏活动的增加,树枝密度更高.

结论:

环境背景,特别是食物来源和人类发展之间的相互作用,显著塑造了白尾鹿的活动.
活动的空间变化对于了解野生动物对环境变化的反应和为保护战略提供信息至关重要.
较高的鹿活动水平与鹿与车辆碰撞的增加相关,突出了潜在的安全问题.

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