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相关概念视频

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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相关实验视频

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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非编码RNAs:行为复杂性的新兴调节者.

Sanovar Dayal1,2, Divya Chaubey1,2, Dheeraj Chandra Joshi1,2

  • 1CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 调节基因表达,影响复杂的行为. 这些调节性RNA在神经发育中起作用,并且可以通过环境因素来调节,从而影响生物的特征.

关键词:
行为行为行为行为行为.在 lncRNAs 中.长非编码RNA是什么意思模型生物模型生物.没有编码的RNAs.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物基因组编码成千上万的非编码RNA (ncRNA),包括微RNA (miRNA) 和长非编码RNA (lncRNA).
  • ncRNAs提供了一层基因调节,有可能解释表型复杂性,而无需增加蛋白质编码基因.
  • 尽管ncRNA的保护度低,表达受限,但它可以在多个层面上直接调节基因表达.

研究的目的:

  • 提出ncRNAs通过直接基因调节显著影响行为.
  • 探索ncRNAs在神经发育中的作用及其长期行为影响,特别是对环境线索的反应.
  • 突出结合实验室研究与现场观测的必要性,以全面了解ncRNAs在行为中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 对ncRNA功能和行为的现有文献的审查.
  • 讨论 lncRNAs 影响行为的拟议机制 (例如,miRNA海绵,染色质修饰,替代拼接).
  • 强调比较基因组学和转录组学,用于合并模型和非模型生物研究.

主要成果:

  • ncRNAs可以直接通过转录,后转录或翻译来调节基因表达.
  • lncRNAs通过诸如海绵miRNAs,招募染色质修饰剂和调节替代拼接等机制影响行为.
  • 压力和季节性变化等环境因素可以影响ncRNA介导的行为变化.

结论:

  • ncRNAs是复杂行为特征的关键调节者.
  • 整合各种研究方法,包括实地和实验室研究,对于理解ncRNA在行为中的功能至关重要.
  • 需要进一步的研究来解决技术挑战,并充分阐明ncRNAs在行为中的作用.