相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 27, 2025

04:10
Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development
Published on: February 18, 2021
1.1K
基因参数估计和嘴形状的分子基础
Anqi Chen1, Xiaoyu Zhao2, Junhui Wen3
1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Poultry science
|May 4, 2024
概括
嘴形状是中度到高度遗传的,与生长特征有显著的遗传相关性. 这项研究确定了影响嘴形态的关键基因,有助于选择性繁殖以改善产量.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
- 鸟类生物学 鸟类生物学
背景情况:
- 嘴巴形态对于的生存至关重要,影响养和防御.
- 了解形状的遗传基础对于解决食人行为和家禽养殖中的料浪费等问题至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化嘴形状特征的遗传性和遗传相关性.
- 通过全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 识别与嘴形态相关的候选基因.
主要方法:
- 确定了形状的四个关键指标:上长度 (UL),下长度 (LL),尖之间的距离 (DB) 和上曲率 (BC).
- 在罗德岛红中,估计的遗传性和鼻子特征与生产特征 (例如体重,蛋重) 之间的遗传/表型相关性.
- 对上长度进行了GWAS和罕见变异关联研究 (RVA),分析了转录组数据以确定候选基因.
主要成果:
- 嘴巴形状特征表现出中度至高的遗传性 (0.210.41).
- 在UL,LL和DB中发现了显著的积极遗传和表型相关性.
- UL显示了与体重和长的积极遗传相关性;DB与BC的积极相关性.
- GWAS确定了9个候选基因在胚胎中高度表达,这表明它们在发育中的作用.
结论:
- 嘴形状是一种遗传性特征,对生产特征有重大遗传影响.
- 已识别的候选基因为了解和操纵的嘴发育提供了遗传基础.
- 这些发现可以为选择性繁殖策略提供信息,通过优化巴形态来提高家禽的福利和生产力.
相关概念视频
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
Incomplete Dominance
22.5K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
22.5K
Limits to Natural Selection
31.3K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.3K
Genetics of Speciation
19.2K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.2K
Determination
18.5K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
18.5K
Complementation Tests
4.9K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
4.9K

