探索麻疹疫苗接种范围的景观:朝着印度消除麻疹的目标迈出了一步
Pritu Dhalaria1, Pawan Kumar2, Ajay Verma3
1Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110070, India.
Vaccine
|May 4, 2024
概括
印度仍然存在麻疹疫苗接种缺口,11.5%的儿童没有接种疫苗. 针对性干预对于消除麻疹至关重要,特别是在高风险地区.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 麻疹疫苗接种对全球公共卫生至关重要,但挑战仍然存在,特别是在印度.
- 尽管疫苗接种计划取得了成功,但在全球范围内仍存在严重的麻疹发病率和死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 调查麻疹疫苗接种范围,重点关注零剂量,一剂量和两剂量状态.
- 确定与印度24-35个月龄儿童麻疹免疫缺口相关的社会人口学因素和空间模式.
主要方法:
- 利用了2019-21年国家家庭健康调查 (NFHS-5) 对43,864名24至35个月龄的儿童的数据.
- 使用加权估计,奇平方测试和多变量多项逻辑回归.
- 进行了空间分析,以确定未接种疫苗的儿童群.
主要成果:
- 印度11.5%的儿童仍然没有接种麻疹疫苗 (零剂量).
- 在社会人口统计因素和地理区域之间观察到疫苗接种覆盖率的显著差异.
- 东北各州的零剂量儿童聚集率很高,这表明需要有针对性的干预措施.
结论:
- 解决大量麻疹零剂量儿童的问题对于实现消除目标至关重要.
- 基于社会人口统计数据的空间定向干预措施对于提高免疫覆盖率至关重要.
- 从脊髓灰质炎根除和全球倡议如免疫议程2030的教训可以指导印度的麻疹消除战略.
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