在社会经济地位较低的人群中,产前压力与5岁儿童执行功能的关联
Daphne M Vrantsidis1, Mark A Klebanoff2,3,4,5, Keith Owen Yeates6
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Development and psychopathology
|May 6, 2024
概括
产前压力对儿童的执行功能 (EF) 有负面影响,特别是在低社会经济地位 (SES) 的家庭. 这项研究发现,产前压力与男孩和女孩的EF较差有关,对女孩的父母报告的EF有不同的结果.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 产前压力与儿童的负面结果有关,在社会经济地位较低 (SES) 的环境中可能造成更大的伤害.
- 在低SES人群中对产前压力和儿童执行功能 (EF) 的研究是有限的.
- 儿童性行为可能会缓解产前压力对发展执行功能的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查5岁儿童的产前压力和执行功能 (EF) 之间的关联,从一个主要是低SES样本.
- 检查儿童性行为是否能缓和产前压力与儿童EF之间的关系.
- 为了解产前压力对脆弱人群执行功能的影响做出贡献.
主要方法:
- 来自低SES背景的132个母婴二的前性队列研究.
- 母亲产前压力通过综合测量抑郁,焦虑,感知压力,歧视和三个月的睡眠质量来评估.
- 在5岁时使用家长报告 (BRIEF-P) 和儿童神经心理测试评估儿童执行功能 (EF).
主要成果:
- 在女性中,更高的产前压力与父母报告的更好的EF (较低的BRIEF-P得分) 相关.
- 较高的产前压力与男性和女性神经心理学EF测量表现较低有关.
- 研究结果表明,产前压力对EF的影响因评估方法和儿童性别而异.
结论:
- 产前压力与幼儿的执行功能 (EF) 较差有关,特别是在低SES环境中,在两性中,在客观的神经心理测量上.
- 产前压力和父母报告的EF之间的关联可能会因孩子的性别而受到缓解,尽管压力更高,但女性的EF报告更好.
- 结果强调了需要进行干预措施,以减轻产前压力对儿童认知发展的影响,在低SES人口中.
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
56
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
56
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
53
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
53
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
281
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
281
01:30Stress and Mental Health
119
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
119
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
84
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
84