母亲和父亲的敏感性:通过元分析检查了儿童依恋安全的关键决定因素
Sheri Madigan1, Audrey-Ann Deneault1, Robbie Duschinsky2
1Department of Psychology, University of Calgary.
Psychological bulletin
|May 6, 2024
概括
敏感的照顾对安全的儿童照顾者依恋至关重要. 这一元分析证实了护理人员的敏感性与依恋安全之间的积极联系,确定了加强这种重要关系的因素.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 附着理论 附着理论
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 敏感的照顾,定义为注意到,解释和响应孩子的需要,是形成安全的儿童照顾者依恋的关键因素.
- 现有研究表明,效应大小存在显著差异,因此需要进一步调查这种异质性的来源.
研究的目的:
- 进行元分析,以确定护理人员敏感性和儿童护理人员依恋之间的聚合关联.
- 检查母亲和父亲的敏感性和孩子的依恋安全之间的特定关联.
- 确定影响观察到护理人员敏感性和依恋之间的关联的方法和实质因素.
主要方法:
- 对来自174项研究的230个效果大小进行了元分析,其中包括22,914个儿童护理人员二位数.
- 分析了母亲和父亲的敏感性以及安全和不安全的依恋分类之间的关联.
- 主持人分析了诸如测量工具,可靠性,观察长度,评估之间的时间和参与者的年龄等因素.
主要成果:
- 在整体照顾者敏感性和亲子依恋 (r = .25) 之间发现了显著的积极聚合关联.
- 母亲的敏感性 (r = .26) 和父亲的敏感性 (r = .21) 都与孩子的依恋安全有关.
- 母亲的敏感性显示出与回避性 (r = -24),抵抗性 (r = -12),和无组织性 (r = -19) 不安全的依恋有显著的负面关联.
结论:
- 照顾者的敏感性,来自母亲和父亲,是儿童依恋安全的重要预测因素.
- 特定的方法选择 (例如,附件Q排序,母亲行为Q排序,高互评分可靠性) 和参与者特征 (例如,年长的父亲) 增强了观察到的关联.
- 这些发现强调了敏感护理的重要性,并为优化该领域的研究提供了见解.
相关概念视频
03:34Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
43.4K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
43.4K
01:20Attachment
60
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
60
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
53
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
53
01:27Parenting Styles
65
Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
65
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
619
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
619
02:30Naturalistic Observations
15.4K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.4K