工业智能如何改变浮动人口的就业结构?
Li Siyao1, Wang Ya2, Li Yingfeng2
1School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
PloS one
|May 6, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 重塑了中国的浮动人口就业,促进了高技能工人,同时取代了低技能角色. 这对不同的教育水平有独特的影响,需要有针对性的政策调整.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 由于工业智能 (AI),中国劳动力市场的人口红利下降.
- 需要了解人工智能对浮动人口就业结构的影响.
- 现有的AI和理论模型为分析提供了一个框架.
研究的目的:
- 探索人工智能如何重塑中国浮动人口的劳动就业结构.
- 澄清人工智能对就业的影响的内部机制.
- 测试人工智能技术对不同技能基础浮动群体的影响.
主要方法:
- 经验分析使用来自中国31个省份 (2012-2018) 的数据.
- 根据教育水平,将劳动力分为高,中,低技能人群.
- 检查工业机器人对异质熟练浮动人口劳动力的影响.
主要成果:
- 工业机器人对异质熟练的浮动人口劳动力表现出双极促进和中央替代效应.
- 人工智能应用促进未完成的学校和小学小组的就业,替代中学到大学专业,并促进大学本科生和毕业生.
- 工业机器人应用对低技能员工产生负面影响,对高技能员工产生积极影响.
结论:
- 在中国劳动力市场采用人工智能导致了对浮动人口就业机会的两极分化.
- 技能水平和教育程度是决定人工智能对就业的影响的关键因素.
- 需要制定政策建议,以解决人工智能对浮动劳动力的不同部分的影响.
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