在海洋鱼类中核和线粒体遗传多样性的全球模式
René D Clark1, Malin L Pinsky2,3
1Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Ecology and evolution
|May 7, 2024
概括
全球海洋鱼类的遗传多样性在地理上有所不同,线粒体DNA多样性在赤道附近最高. 温度和叶绿素a等环境因素影响这些模式,支持动能和生产力假设.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 遗传多样性对生物多样性和理解物种多样性机制至关重要.
- 遗传多样性的全球模式可以根据所使用的分子标记物而有所不同.
- 以前的研究强调了将遗传多样性与宏观生态驱动因素相关联的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 检查海洋鱼类遗传多样性的全球模式.
- 测试解释多样性梯度的假设,包括创始人效应,动能和生产力-多样性假设.
- 确定宏观生态驱动因素对遗传多样性变异的影响.
主要方法:
- 编制了来自492种海洋鱼类遗传多样性的6862个观察结果.
- 使用了通用的线性混合效应模型 (GLMMs).
- 评估了度,经度,海面温度 (SST) 和叶绿素度对遗传多样性的影响.
主要成果:
- 线粒体遗传多样性表现出地理梯度,在赤道附近达到顶峰 (特别是在珊瑚三角),类似于物种多样性.
- 核遗传多样性没有显示出明确的地理模式.
- 所有遗传多样性指标与叶绿素-a度相关;线粒体多样性也与SST积极相关.
结论:
- 环境变量影响海洋生态系统中的突变率和遗传漂移.
- 研究结果支持动能假设 (较高的温度增加线粒体多样性) 和生产力多样性假设 (资源丰富的地区支持更大的多样性).
- 建议谨慎使用线粒体模式作为整个基因组多样性的代理,因为观察到的差异.
相关概念视频
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.6K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.6K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.1K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
02:16Genetics of Speciation
19.2K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.2K
02:16Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
12.4K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.4K
02:19Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
3.7K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.7K