农作物轮换的多样性可以减轻气候引起的谷物产量损失
Alessio Costa1, Riccardo Bommarco2, Monique E Smith2
1Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Global change biology
|May 7, 2024
概括
用更多的物种和功能组多样化作物轮换有助于作物适应气候变化. 这一策略显著减少了因热量和干旱等极端天气事件造成的产量损失.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
- 农业学是一种农业学.
背景情况:
- 气候变化通过增加极端天气事件对全球粮食安全构成风险.
- 农作物产量损失是一个主要问题,需要农业的适应性战略.
- 农作物旋转多样性 (CRD) 在气候变化适应中的作用尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 在不同水平的CRD下,量化气候条件对作物产量的影响.
- 确定CRD作为小谷物和玉米气候变化适应战略的潜力.
- 确定CRD的最佳水平,以在不同气候场景下最大限度地提高产量.
主要方法:
- 分析了欧洲和北美的32个长期实地实验 (10-63年).
- 在不同的CRD下,量化小谷物和玉米对气候变化 (温度,降水,干旱时期) 的产量反应.
- 统计建模以评估CRD,功能丰富度和作物产量之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 多种多样和功能丰富的旋转大大弥补了因异常温暖,干燥或潮湿条件造成的产量损失.
- 即使在单一作物中添加一个单一的功能组或作物物种,也可以减轻气候变化造成的产量损失.
- 增加作物的功能丰富性,在高温下提高了产量,而不依赖于降雨.
- 在转换两到四种作物时,观察到最佳的产量效益,在更高的多样性下,回报率下降.
结论:
- 用功能上不同的物种多样化作物轮换是面临全球变暖和降雨模式变化的作物系统可行的适应策略.
- 在作物旋转中调整作物物种的多样性可以在特定的气候条件下最大限度地提高产量.
- CRD提供了一种有希望的方法来增强农业的性,并减轻气候变化对作物生产的影响.
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