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相关概念视频

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development
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使用你的头 - 骨方向在类动物中的方向.

Donald M Henderson1

  • 1Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, AB, Canada. don.henderson@gov.ab.ca.

Die Naturwissenschaften
|May 7, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

恐龙的头部和顶可能控制着飞行方向盘. 它们的大小创造了与身体惯性相对应的转动时刻,这表明它们具有功能性空气动力学作用.

关键词:
身体质量 身体质量飞行 飞行 飞行 飞行飞行控制中心的飞行控制系统.类恐龙 (Pterosaurs) 是一种类恐龙.旋转惯性是指旋转惯性.

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科学领域:

  • 古生物学的古生物学
  • 空气动力学 航空动力学
  • 生物力学 生物力学

背景情况:

  • 龙,灭绝的飞行爬行动物,通常拥有大头和精心设计的峰.
  • 这些头骨结构在飞行过程中的空气动力学影响尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究超大尺寸的龙头和在飞行期间控制横向身体运动的假设.
  • 为了确定头 - 子转动时刻与龙全身旋转惯性之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 为分析质量分布,创建了18种类动物 (8种类动物,10种类动物) 的数字模型.
  • 转时刻是根据头部/顶部侧面面积,空气动力学升力和估计的飞行速度 (根据身体质量) 计算的.
  • 从整个身体的3D质量分布计算了旋转惯性,包括四肢和飞行膜.

主要成果:

  • 观察到,头+的计算转动时刻与全身围绕垂直轴的旋转惯性之间存在很强的相关性.
  • 这种对应性在研究的两大龙群体 (rhamphorhynchoids和pterodactyloids) 都是一致的.
  • 这些发现支持了形态与飞行控制机制之间的功能联系.

结论:

  • 这项研究提供了证据,证明大型龙头和在飞行期间管理横向稳定性和转向方面发挥了重要作用.
  • 这些结果为修订两种龙的生命恢复提供了信息,并建议另外两种龙的飞行速度降低.