工艺和小规模的金矿开采和生物多样性:全球文献综述
Imelda M Dossou Etui1,2, Malgorzata Stylo3, Kenneth Davis3
1United Nations Environment Programme, 8-14 Avenue de la Paix CH-1211, Geneva, 10, Switzerland. imelda.dossouetui@un.org.
Ecotoxicology (London, England)
|May 7, 2024
概括
工艺和小规模的金矿开采 (ASGM) 通过森林砍伐,土壤退化和污染对生物多样性产生重大影响. 将ASGM与生物多样性保护战略相结合,对于可持续实践和生态系统保护至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 工艺和小规模的黄金开采 (ASGM) 在全球支持数以百万计的人,但往往是非正式的,带来环境和社会挑战.
- ASGM对生物多样性的影响是一个重大问题,特别是在经济选择有限的发展中国家.
研究的目的:
- 分析ASGM与生物多样性之间的相互作用.
- 评估当前策略在减轻ASGM环境影响方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 根据"米纳马塔公约"对27个ASGM国家行动计划 (NAP) 的分析.
- 全球文献综述100多篇关于ASGM和生物多样性的出版物.
主要成果:
- 从开采到关闭的ASGM运营导致森林砍伐,土壤退化,化学污染和水.
- 热带地区和两动物和淡水鱼类等物种受到不成比例的影响,导致息地丧失和生态系统服务减少.
- 法律和监管框架不足往往导致未经修复的废弃矿场.
结论:
- 加强ASGM与生物多样性之间的相互关系在国家战略,包括国家生物多样性计划中的整合,对于减缓至关重要.
- 建议采用多利益相关者,系统的方法,结合地理空间分析,科学和当地知识,以及能力建设,以实现可持续的ASGM实践.
- 开发可持续的倡议,以防止和减少ASGM对生态系统的影响,对于生物多样性保护至关重要.
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