听力损失和耳植入如何影响口头工作记忆:来自青少年的证据
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.
概括
听力损失和耳植入器 (CI) 的儿童由于语音缺陷而导致语言工作记忆较差,而不是中央执行系统问题. 信号增强并不能改善这种口头工作记忆在患有CI的青少年.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
背景情况:
- 口头工作记忆对于学业成功至关重要.
- 与正常听力同龄人相比,有听力损失的儿童通常表现出较差的口头工作记忆,即使进行了干预.
- 这种缺陷持续到青春期,影响学习.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查语言工作记忆在中儿童时期的稳定性.
- 为了比较正常听力 (NH) 和耳植入物 (CI) 的青少年的工作记忆.
- 调查信号增强是否可以改善口头工作记忆,并测试解释听力损失儿童缺陷的假设.
主要方法:
- 评估55名NH和52名CI青少年 (14岁) 的工作记忆,使用即时串行回忆任务.
- 利用了口头 (和/非和的词) 和非口头 (空间) 刺激.
- 分析了信号增强 (视听,索引) 和语音处理能力的影响.
主要成果:
- 语言工作记忆在整个中儿童时期保持稳定.
- 患有CI的青少年比NH同龄人表现出较差的口头回忆,但在非语言任务上表现相似.
- 信号增强并没有改善口头回忆;语音敏感性缺陷在很大程度上解释了群体差异.
结论:
- 工作记忆的中央执行组件不受听力损失或耳植入的影响.
- 患有CIs的青少年的声学缺陷损害了口头记忆存储表现.
- 增加听觉信号并不能缓解这些声学相关的工作记忆缺陷.
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