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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
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A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

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人类Polycomb沉默的基因组背景和H2AK119无处不在依赖的遗传

Tiasha A Shafiq1, Juntao Yu1, Wenzhi Feng1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Science advances
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
概括

发育基因的多沉默在细胞分裂中被遗传. 这种表观遗传可以独立于PRC2复合体的H3K27me3识别发生,突出了依赖上下文的机制.

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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