超加工食品消费与所有原因和特定原因死亡率的关联:基于人口的队列研究
Zhe Fang1, Sinara Laurini Rossato2,3, Dong Hang3,4
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
概括
更高的超加工食品消费与所有原因死亡率略有增加有关,特别是非癌症,非心血管原因. 加工肉制品显示出与死亡风险的最强相关性.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
- 慢性疾病流行病学 慢性疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 超加工食品 (UPF) 在全球普遍存在,并与不良健康结果有关.
- 了解UPF摄入量与死亡率之间的关联对于公共卫生建议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查超加工食品消费与所有原因和特定原因死亡率之间的关联.
- 确定导致死亡风险的特定UPF子组.
主要方法:
- 一项大规模的基于人口的队列研究,涉及来自护士健康研究和卫生专业人员随访研究的11万多名参与者.
- 通过半定量食品频率问卷评估饮食摄入量,并使用多变量Cox比例危险模型分析死亡率.
- 随访持续时间为31-34年,记录了超过4.8万例死亡.
主要成果:
- 较高的UPF摄入量与全因死亡率增加4%和癌症或心血管疾病以外的其他原因死亡率增加9%有关.
- 特定的UPF亚组,包括肉类/家禽/海鲜即食产品,含糖饮料和乳制品甜点,显示出与较高死亡率的显著关联.
- 在癌症或心血管疾病死亡率方面没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 超加工食品的消费增加与所有原因死亡率的适度增加有关,主要是由非心血管和非癌症原因驱动的.
- 消费的超加工食品类型显著影响死亡风险,加工肉制品尤其有害.
- 饮食质量可能会改变UPF摄入量和死亡率之间的关联.
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