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基于位置的不平等和视力困难和失明的测量

Patrice M Hicks^1,2, George Lin¹, Paula Anne Newman-Casey^1,3

¹Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

JAMA ophthalmology

|May 9, 2024

概括

社区不平等,包括隔离和贫困,与更高的视力障碍和失明率有关. 解决这些社会决定因素对于改善社区视觉健康结果至关重要.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
社会流行病学社会流行病学
眼科医生眼科眼科

背景情况:

众所周知,隔离,收入不平等和持续的贫困等社会风险因素会对美国的视觉和系统健康产生负面影响.
了解社区特征和健康结果之间的相互作用对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查社区不平等措施与包括失明在内的视力障碍的普遍性之间的联系.
检查在人口普查区级别的Theil H指数,基尼指数,持续贫困和视力困难和失明 (VDB) 之间的关系.

主要方法:

这项横截面研究利用了美国社区调查 (2012-2016) 和美国人口普查 (2010年) 的数据.
不平等的指标,包括Theil H指数,吉尼指数和持续的贫困,来自PolicyMap.
使用后勤回归分析来评估VDB与不平等措施之间的关联,控制人口因素.

主要成果:

对73,198个人口普查区域的分析显示,不平等措施与VDB之间存在显著的关联.
泰尔H指数和吉尼指数的增加与VDB的几率增加有关 (分别为OR,1.14和1.15).
与非持久性贫困相比,持久性贫困也与VDB的几率增加有显著的关联 (OR,1.36).

结论:

不平等的住宅措施,包括隔离,收入不平等和持续的贫困,与更高的视力障碍和失明的患病率有关.
这些发现强调了解决社区特征和健康的社会决定因素的关键需要,以减少视觉健康方面的差异.

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