移民文档状态在心理表现中唤起了种族化面孔主义
Joel E Martinez1,2, DongWon Oh3, Alexander Todorov4
1Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. joeledmartinez@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|May 9, 2024
概括
想象移民的非法行为,揭示了种族化的看法. 非法移民被认为是黑人,非白人威胁,与有文件的移民或公民不同.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 移民研究 移民研究
- 视觉感知 视觉感知 视觉感知
背景情况:
- 美国的移民话语塑造了对移民的看法.
- 移民非法行为的视觉表现未被充分探索.
- 种族化和色彩主义影响公众对移民的看法.
研究的目的:
- 调查非法移民,有文件的移民和本地出生的美国公民的视觉心理表现.
- 确定文档状态和合法性如何影响这些表示.
- 在这些观念中确定种族和感知到的"美国性"的作用.
主要方法:
- 两项研究使用了基于人脸的反相关性和相似性分类与本科生和在线样本 (N=686).
- 参与者的心理表现被捕获并与不同的移民身份进行了比较.
- 一个空间布局任务评估了根据文档状态对未标记的面部的自发排序.
主要成果:
- 文档状态唤起了明显的种族化图像.
- 移民代表始终是黑皮肤的,并被认为是非白人.
- 公民代表是肤浅的,被积极评价,被认为是白人.
- 有文件的移民被认为是值得信赖的,而非法移民被认为是威胁的.
- 面部的空间相似性与像素亮度和"美国人"评分相关,证实了种族差异.
- 非法移民被独特地种族化为黑皮肤,非美国威胁.
结论:
- 非法移民的心理表象明显地被种族化为黑人和非美国人.
- 美国帝国主义和色彩主义有助于塑造这些观念的条件.
- 调查结果突出了种族,合法性和移民话语中威胁感知之间的交叉关系.
相关概念视频
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.2K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.2K
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.7K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.7K
01:27Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
30
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
30
02:09Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K
01:26Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
121
James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
121
01:17Schemata
79
A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
Two types of schemata are:
79