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儿童多系统性炎症综合征和BNT162b2疫苗:全国范围的队列研究

Naama Schwartz^1,2, Ronit Ratzon^3,4, Itay Hazan³

¹Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. Naama.stat@gmail.com.

European journal of pediatrics

|May 9, 2024

概括

儿童和青少年的COVID-19疫苗接种显著降低了儿童多系统性炎症综合征 (MIS-C) 的风险. 这项研究证实了疫苗在预防儿科患者严重后感染并发症方面的有效性.

科学领域:

儿童传染病儿童传染病
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

儿童多系统性炎症综合征 (MIS-C) 是一种罕见但严重的COVID-19感染后的后感染性超炎症状况.
现有的疫苗有效性文献往往依赖于小型病例控制研究,限制了在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的儿童中对MIS-C的综合风险评估.
儿童中COVID-19的诊断不足,这些儿童可能出现轻度或没有症状,这在准确估计MIS-C风险方面构成了挑战.

研究的目的:

评估在儿童和青少年接种Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19疫苗后减少MIS-C和严重MIS-C的风险.
提供针对MIS-C疫苗有效性的全国性评估,使用大型队列.

主要方法:

在以色列进行的一项全国性队列研究中,在19岁以下的个人中,包括526,685例PCR确诊的COVID-19病例,其中14118人在感染前已接种完整疫苗.
在2020年4月至2021年11月期间,在所有以色列医院中发现了MIS-C病例.
针对估计的COVID-19病例 (PCR确认和假定) 计算了MIS-C率,并分析了接种疫苗和未接种疫苗组之间的风险差异 (RD),包括对未被确诊的COVID-19病例的敏感性分析.

主要成果:

在研究期间,共有233例MIS-C病例在19岁以下的个人中被诊断出.
估计的MIS-C风险差异在每10,000例COVID-19病例中为1.0至2.1.
对于严重的MIS-C,风险差异在每10,000例COVID-19病例中从0.8到1.6不等,在接种疫苗的群体中观察到显著的风险降低,跨越了低诊断COVID-19的各种假设.

结论:

在研究期间,儿童和青少年的COVID-19疫苗接种显著降低了患MIS-C和严重MIS-C的风险.
这些发现表明,接种疫苗的群体存在有利的风险差异,即使考虑到COVID-19的潜在诊断不足.

关键词:

在 COVID-19 疫情中,儿科炎症多系统综合征疫苗疫苗疫苗疫苗

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