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相关概念视频

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 8, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System

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测量骨盆器官脱落:一个进化的进化

Matthew D Barber1

  • 1W. Allen Addison Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, 203 Baker House, Box 3084, Durham, NC, 27720, USA. matthew.barber@duke.edu.

International urogynecology journal
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

患者的症状,特别是阴道膨胀,对于骨盆器官脱落 (POP) 的结果比解剖学更重要. 专注于症状治愈,以提高POP研究和治疗的临床相关性.

关键词:
综合结果是综合的结果.测量方法 测量方法结果措施结果措施.患者报告的结果骨盆器官的脱落是因为骨盆器官的脱落.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 泌尿和妇科 泌尿和妇科
  • 盆地底疾病 盆地底疾病
  • 女性的盆腔医学

背景情况:

  • 了解骨盆器官脱落 (POP) 的进展依赖于有效的解剖学测量和患者报告的结果.
  • 盆腔器官脱落量化 (POPQ) 对于评估POP至关重要.
  • 了解POP需要评估解剖学和症状方面.

研究的目的:

  • 审查 POP 测量技术的演变.
  • 讨论POP测量对临床实践和研究的影响.
  • 突出患者报告结果在POP管理中的重要性.

主要方法:

  • 对POP测量演变的文献综述.
  • 分析使用盆腔器官脱落量化 (POPQ) 的研究.
  • 对POP严重程度和治疗成功的解剖学和主观测量进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 某种程度的解剖性脱落是常见的,即使在无症状的妇女.
  • 阴道膨胀症状是POP的最具体的指标.
  • 盆地症状和解剖学严重程度之间的相关性是微弱到中度的.
  • 由于不同的标准,治疗成功率差异很大;解剖学成功定义往往过于严格.
  • 治疗成功的主观和解剖学指标之间存在显著的不一致.

结论:

  • 骨盆器官脱落是一种复杂的,多维的疾病,对患者产生重大影响.
  • 患者的症状,特别是无阴道膨胀,在临床上比解剖治疗更重要.
  • 复合结果可能具有误导性;对于未来的研究来说,更喜欢连续变量.
  • 未来的研究应该优先考虑症状结果和连续变量,而不是二元化的成功/失败指标.