1906年美国黑人医生的可用性和流行率的县级变化
1Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
JAMA network open
|May 10, 2024
概括
20世纪初的数据显示,黑人医生的代表性明显不足,这与人口密度和医学院距离等因素有关. 这些历史上的差异继续影响到今天的健康公平.
科学领域:
- 医学史 医学史 医学史
- 健康差距 研究 研究 研究 研究
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 黑人医生在美国医疗保健工作人员中仍然代表性不足,这对黑人个体的健康结果产生了负面影响.
- 美国医学目录 (AMD) 的历史分析对于了解这些差异的根源至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查1906年黑人医生培训和可用性的州和县级模式.
- 为了比较黑人医生与他们的白人同行的分布,使用第一版的AMD.
主要方法:
- 横截面研究利用了1906年AMD的41,828名医生的数据,这些数据来自18个南方州和华盛顿特区的1906年AMD.
- 分析汇总了1570个县的数据,结合了社会人口统计,地理和历史因素 (例如人口密度,文盲,私刑).
主要成果:
- 黑人医生占所有医生的1.8%;他们比白人医生更远离他们的实践地点进行培训.
- 每1000名黑人居民中,黑人医生的比例为0.08,而白人医生的比例为1.62.
- 与黑人医生的存在相关的县级因素包括黑人人口百分比,人口密度和接近黑人医学院的情况.
结论:
- 这项研究突出了从职业的早期影响黑人医生患病率的结构性不利因素.
- 这些发现强调了健康差异的历史根源,并为正在进行的研究提供了信息.
- 为健康差异研究提供了一个公开可用的数据集和可视化平台.
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