现役士兵在虚拟环境中的导航过程中具有高度情境意识的证据
Leah R Enders1, Stephen M Gordon2, Heather Roy1
1Human in Complex Systems Division, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America.
PloS one
|May 10, 2024
概括
与平民相比,现役服务人员在虚拟环境中表现出更高的情境意识 (SA). 他们的专家视觉搜索策略涉及更快的扫描和减少认知负载,表明在复杂的任务中提高了性能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类因素工程 人类因素工程
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 军事训练培养在复杂环境中高度的情境意识 (SA).
- 关于军事经验如何在视觉搜索中影响SA的研究有限.
- 了解这些差异对于优化培训和绩效至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较Active Duty服务人员和平民之间的视觉搜索中的生理和行为差异.
- 调查操纵认知负载对情境意识 (SA) 和视觉搜索策略的影响.
- 探索军事经验如何影响复杂的视觉任务期间的注意力资源分配.
主要方法:
- 参与者:现役服务人员 (N=21) 和平民 (N=15).
- 任务:在虚拟环境 (VE) 中进行导航视觉搜索,并识别目标.
- 措施:眼睛追踪,电脑电图 (EEG) 用于P-300反应,并通过听觉数学任务操纵认知负载.
主要成果:
- 现役人员更准确地识别目标,并表现出更快的峰值冲击速度和更大的冲击幅度.
- 对于Active Duty组来说,EEG P-300响应表明对象复制的注意力资源减少.
- 平民在认知负载下停留时间减少,而主动任务参与者在二级数学任务上表现较差.
结论:
- 现役服务人员采用独特的,专业的视觉搜索策略,其特点是扫描速度增加和认知再处理减少.
- 军事经验提高了情境意识 (SA) 和注意力集中,使主要任务的持续表现成为可能.
- 未来的研究应该检查压力下的表现,以进一步阐明军事训练对认知标志物的影响.
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