饮食质量与营养不良之间的关联:来自两项针对老年人的基于人口的研究的综合结果
Alba Marcos-Delgado1,2, Humberto Yévenes-Briones3,4, Tania Fernández-Villa1,2,4
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
BMC geriatrics
|May 10, 2024
概括
高质量的饮食,包括地中海饮食,与老年人营养不良率的降低有关. 这项研究强调了饮食质量对健康衰老和预防营养不良的重要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 饮食质量对老年人营养不良的影响仍然不清楚,因为研究有限,使用查工具缺乏表型标准.
- 以前的研究没有充分考虑老年人群中营养不良的表型方面.
研究的目的:
- 调查地中海饮食坚持选器 (MEDAS) 和替代健康饮食指数 (AHEI-2010) 评估的饮食质量与社区居住的西班牙老年人营养不良之间的关联.
- 提供有关饮食模式的见解,以减轻老年人群中营养不良的风险.
主要方法:
- 对两个西班牙队列 (Seniors-ENRICA-1和Seniors-ENRICA-2) 的横截面分析,涉及超过4500名老年人 (≥60岁和≥65岁).
- 用经过验证的饮食史来评估饮食摄入量,并根据全球营养不良领导倡议 (GLIM) 的表型标准来定义营养不良.
- 使用后勤回归模型,调整社会经济,生活方式,能量和蛋白质摄入量变量.
主要成果:
- 在SE-1和SE-2研究中,营养不良的患病率分别为9.5%和11.7%.
- 对MEDAS和AHEI-2010分数的更高遵守与营养不良的更低患病率有显著的关联 (分别是0.64和0.65).
- 鱼类,蔬菜,坚果,豆类等特定的食物成分,以及较低的反式脂肪,含糖饮料和果汁摄入量,独立地与减少营养不良风险有关.
结论:
- 坚持高质量的饮食模式,如MEDAS和AHEI-2010测量的饮食模式,与老年人营养不良的发病率较低有关.
- 专注于特定营养丰富的食物和限制不健康选择的饮食干预措施可能有助于预防这一人口群体的营养不良.
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