在使用混合HNO和活性木炭组成的混合物后,果果树的脱落
David Vargas-Cano1, Federico Hahn2, José Luis Rodriguez de la O3
1Agricultural Engineering and Integral Use of Water, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 11, 2024
概括
墨西哥的果收获挑战正在通过使用活性碳 (AC) 混合物的新水果脱落方法得到解决. 中等AC有效地混合脱离的果,降低劳动力成本和潜在的作物损失.
科学领域:
- 农业工程 农业工程
- 园艺科学 园艺科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 由于移民,墨西哥果收获的劳动力短缺影响了水果生产,增加了种植者损失.
- 在旺季同时成熟的水果加剧了果种植者面临的经济挑战.
- 要减轻这些问题,需要一种新,高效和具有成本效益的水果脱落方法.
研究的目的:
- 评估一种使用活性碳 (AC) 复合物混合物的果果脱落的创新方法.
- 确定最佳的AC混合物和应用参数,以实现高效的果脱落.
- 评估AC处理对乳排泄和水果质量的影响.
主要方法:
- 用活性炭 (AC) 和酸 (轻,中,密集混合物) 混合的粘性糊涂抹在果果片上.
- 在预计果子脱落前4小时进行了AC处理.
- 在处理后,在树冠下放置的网上收集了果.
- 记录和分析了脱离时间,乳排泄和果实成熟度.
主要成果:
- 中等交流混合物在果果实脱落方面表现出最高的效率,平均脱落时间为2小时.
- 密集的AC纳米材料显著降低了乳排泄到7%的经过处理的水果.
- 果实成熟度被确定为影响脱落时间的关键因素,其次是果实重量.
结论:
- 经过测试的AC复合材料混合物为高效的果脱落提供了一个有前途的创新方法.
- 中等交流混合物显示了优化收获时间和降低劳动力成本的潜力.
- 进一步研究这种方法的精确机制和可扩展性是商业应用的必要条件.
相关概念视频
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate
11.4K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
11.4K
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols
2.0K
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
2.0K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
5.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
5.6K
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism
3.1K
Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
3.1K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
4.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.2K


