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相关概念视频

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
893
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.7K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.5K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.5K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.6K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.6K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.0K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

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DNA甲基转移酶异型调节内皮细胞外体组蛋白质组合蛋白质组合.

Sampara Vasishta1, Shruthi Ammankallu2, Shashikiran Umakanth3

  • 1Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.

Biochimie
|May 12, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究揭示了DNA甲基化如何影响外体蛋白质含量,影响内皮细胞功能并导致血管功能障碍. 了解这些表观遗传变化为管理血管并发症提供了新的途径.

关键词:
通过DNA甲基化.外基因组是外基因组的组成部分.蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.血管并发症 血管并发症

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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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科学领域:

  • 血管生物学 血管生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.

背景情况:

  • 血管疾病涉及基于DNA甲基化的内皮细胞表观遗传重编程,导致内皮功能障碍 (ED).
  • 在ED期间释放的外体有改变的蛋白质体,导致血管并发症.
  • 外体蛋白质组合的表观遗传调节仍然在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究DNA甲基化对外体蛋白质组合的影响.
  • 确定这些表观遗传修饰外体如何影响内皮细胞 (EC) 功能.

主要方法:

  • 使用lentivirus在内皮细胞中过度表达DNA甲基转移酶 (DNMT) 异型 (DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B).
  • 从DNMT过度表达细胞和经过治疗的小鼠血中分离和表征外体.
  • 对外体的蛋白质组学分析 (TMT标签).
  • 在体外3D球体测定以评估EC功能.

主要成果:

  • 来自DNMT过度表达细胞的外体细胞增强了亲血管性活性,这种效应被5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine逆转.
  • 外体蛋白质组和翻译后修饰 (PTMs) 被显著调节,影响血管平衡,代谢和炎症.
  • DNMT1和DNMT3A的过度表达导致外体DNMT1和TGF-β1的升高,表明表观遗传调节,外体因减少-eNOS而诱导ED.
  • 过度表达DNMT3B并没有产生类似的结果.

结论:

  • DNA甲基化在表观遗传上调节了外体蛋白质的组成和功能.
  • 经表观遗传改变的外体细胞有助于内皮功能障碍和血管并发症.
  • 这项研究确定了针对管理血管疾病的新型表观遗传调节外体蛋白.