相关实验视频
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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
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将社会公平纳入高速公路维护和改造计划:一种定量方法
Jojo France-Mensah1, Chirag Kothari1, William J O'Brien1
1Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton Street, ECJ 5.412, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
概括
本研究介绍了公路维护和恢复 (M&R) 规划中社会公平的定量模型. 不同的政策影响了公平水平,更大的预算通常会减少道路基础设施管理中的不平等.
科学领域:
- 运输工程 运输工程
- 公共政策 公共政策
- 运营研究 运营研究
背景情况:
- 老化的高速公路基础设施需要成本效益高的维护和康复 (M&R) 决策.
- 现有的研究往往忽视了M&R编程中的社会公平性,主要关注经济和环境因素.
- 需要采用定量方法,将社会公平纳入高速公路M&R决策.
研究的目的:
- 提出和评估用于将社会公平纳入高速公路M&R计划的定量优化模型.
- 在M&R决策中探索不同的公平理论 (平等主义,功利主义,社会主义,罗尔斯主义).
- 分析各种政策和预算规模对公路基础设施管理中的社会公平的影响.
主要方法:
- 基于不同社会公平理论的四个优化模型的开发.
- 这些模型在一个涉及500个路面段的数值案例研究中实施.
- 使用平均条件分数,吉尼系数和泰尔指数评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 不同的M&R政策会随着时间的推移导致不同程度的不公平,即使网络性能相似.
- 预算规模的增加通常与高速公路基础设施条件的不平等性减少有关.
- 某些政策在减轻不平等方面表现优于其他不同预算情景下的政策.
结论:
- 拟议的优化模型为将社会公平纳入高速公路M&R提供了定量框架.
- 政策选择对高速公路基础设施利益和负担的分配产生重大影响.
- 预算限制和分配策略是实现运输基础设施管理公平结果的关键因素.
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