使用一个简单的模型,系统地检查力-速度形状和功率对不同约束的垂直跳跃性能的影响
William B Haug1, Matthew T G Pain1
1School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Sports biomechanics
|May 13, 2024
概括
峰值功率和力-速度 (F-V) 配置文件对于体育表现至关重要. 为了最大限度地提高跳跃高度,理想的F-V形状取决于像质量和运动范围 (ROM) 这样的个人约束.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动分析 人类运动分析
背景情况:
- 功率和力-速度 (F-V) 分析是体育表现研究中的关键指标,尽管它们的应用和解释仍然是争论的主题.
- 现有的文献提供了实际的表述,但缺乏关于F-V配置文件如何与人类和环境因素相互作用的基本解释.
研究的目的:
- 系统地研究线性F-V形状,峰值功率和重力,质量,运动范围 (ROM) 和初始激活等约束之间的相互作用.
- 为了确定这些因素如何影响垂直跳的表现.
主要方法:
- 一个模拟垂直跳跃的前进动力学点质量模型被开发并使用运动员数据进行参数化.
- 该模型在模拟现实条件下探索了不同F-V配置,峰值功率,质量和ROM的影响.
主要成果:
- 在没有限制的情况下,F-V配置文件有利于更高的速度,提高了给定的峰值功率的性能. 然而,这些配置文件对环境约束,如重力和有限的ROM,更为敏感.
- 增加峰值功率始终改善跳跃高度,但改善的程度取决于初始的F-V配置文件,以及它是否因最大力或速度的变化而改变.
- 质量,功率和F-V之间的相互作用是非线性的,F-V的变化有时会产生与功率增加相当的跳跃改进.
结论:
- 为了最大限度地提高跳跃高度,最佳的F-V形状不是普遍的,并且受到个体生物力学约束,特别是质量和ROM的显著影响.
- 确定理想的F-V形状需要考虑这些相互作用的变量,而不是只关注峰值功率或速度特征.
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